Tatì Space 2/28/22 Tatì Space 2/28/22

Saul Leiter

Saul Leiter was an American painter and photographer known for his photographs of New York City in the late 1940s through the ’60s, and is considered a pioneer of color street photography. Leiter found quiet moments within the urban chaos and portrayed them pictorially. His work has connections to American Abstract Expressionism and the New York School of Photography. His photographs are distinguished by painterly colors, abstract compositions, minimalism, intimacy, and voyeurism…

Saul Leiter

(USA 1923- 2013)

Saul Leiter, *Taxi* 1957, credit © Saul Leiter Foundation

Among Leiter’s favorite subjects are passers-by, or their reflections, photographed from shop windows along with umbrellas, snowy days, taxis, signs, and street advertisements, forming abstract compositions in overlapping layers of focus and out of focus. “I happen to believe in the beauty of simple things. I believe that the most uninteresting thing can be very interesting.” In the documentary movie dedicated to Leiter, by Tomas Leach, entitled In No Great Hurry: 13 Lessons in Life with Saul Leiter, at the age of 88 the photographer says, "I may be old-fashioned. But I believe there is such a thing as a search for beauty - a delight in the nice things in the world. And I don’t think one should have to apologize for it.”

Saul Leiter, *Red Curtain* 1956, credit © Saul Leiter Foundation

One of Leiter's contributions is that he brought a new aesthetic to street photography, using color film in the early '50s, long before it was appreciated in the art scene of the ’70s. For a long time, color was not considered in fine art photography, because the film was expensive and unpredictable in printing. This led many artists to use black and white film, creating the conviction that color film was less artistic. However, Leiter photographed for a long time in color, often using expired Kodachrome film, which gave the photographs a particular hue. For this reason, he is considered a pioneer of color photography. Leiter developed his visual grammar, turning ordinary everyday moments into beautiful abstract images. "I admired a tremendous number of photographers, but for some reason I arrived at a point of view of my own."

Saul Leiter, *Snow* 1970, credit © Saul Leiter Foundation

Saul Leiter, *Postmen* 1952, credit © Saul Leiter Foundation

Saul Leiter refused to explain his work. "I don’t have a philosophy, I have a camera." But in return he left us a lot of beautiful expressions that show the nature of an unconventional artist. In an interview he states: “We live in a world full of expectations, and if you have the courage, you ignore the expectations. And you can look forward to trouble.” And Leiter's nature had been unconventional since in his youth, when at the age of 22 he abandoned his theological studies and against his family's wishes he moved to New York from his native Pittsburgh to become a painter. There he found affinity with Abstract Expressionism. After contacts with expressionist painter Richard Pousette-Dart and photographer W. Eugene Smith, he began to take photographs to earn money. The first photos are in black and white of friends and urban scenes. In the 1950s, curator Edward Steichen presented Leiter photographs at the Museum of Modern Art: in 1953, in the exhibition Always the Young Strangers, and in the 1957 slide lecture Experimental Photography in Color. Leiter worked as a fashion photographer for Harper's Bazaar, Elle, British Vogue, and other magazines, where he developed a style similar to his street photography.

Saul Leiter, *Mary* circa 1947, credit © Saul Leiter Foundation

Saul Leiter, *Harper's Bazaar* circa 1960, credit © Saul Leiter Foundation

Saul Leiter, *Reflection* 1958, credit © Saul Leiter Foundation

In the 1980s, Leiter faced financial difficulties and was forced to close his commercial studio. For two decades he worked in silence, painting and photographing in his East Village neighborhood. “I spent a great deal of my life being ignored. I was always very happy that way. Being ignored is a great privilege. That is how I think I learned to see what others do not see and to react to situations differently. I simply looked at the world, not really prepared for anything.”

Saul Leiter, *Harlem* 1960, credit © Saul Leiter Foundation

Saul Leiter, *Mirrors* circa 1958, credit © Saul Leiter Foundation

Leiter’s street photography gained attention 50 years after he created many of his works, with the publication of his first book, Early Color, in 2006, followed by the two-volume set Early Black and White in 2014 and the nudes collection In My Room in 2018, along with a series of exhibitions.

The studio of Saul Leiter in New York's East Village, where he worked and lived from 1952 until the end of his life in 2013, has now become home to the Saul Leiter Foundation, which aims to preserve and promote the art and legacy of the photographer. The archive includes thousands of prints, slides, negatives, and paintings, many of which have not yet become known to the public..

Editorial note: We thank the Saul Leiter Foundation for the images provided and assistance in selecting the information: https://www.saulleiterfoundation.org

Selected Books of Saul Leiter:

Sources for Saul Leiter quotations:

Documentary movie from Tomas Leach, In No Great Hurry: 13 Lessons in Life with Saul Leiter:

Interviews:

Saul Leiter in Conversation with Vince Aletti, May 2013

Part 1 - Lecture by Saul Leiter: New York Reflections

Part 2 - Lecture by Saul Leiter: New York Reflections

Part 3 - Lecture by Saul Leiter: New York Reflections

Part 4 - Lecture by Saul Leiter: New York Reflections

podcast from 2006 interview with Mitch Teich on WUWM’s Lake Effect radio show

Tatì Space 12/5/21 Tatì Space 12/5/21

Eugène Atget

Eugène Atget is a French photographer, known for photographing the architecture of old Paris in the end of 19th century and beginning of 20th century. He is considered a modernist documentary photographer. Atget created an archive of 5,000 negatives and 10,000 prints, working on several photographic series, such as streets, houses, professions, parks.

Eugen Atget, Portrait 1927 by © Berenice-Abbott

Eugène Atget

(Francë 1857 - 1927)

Eugène Atget is a French photographer, known for photographing the architecture of old Paris in the end of 19th century and beginning of 20th century. Atget is considered a modernist documentary photographer, although his work was mostly appreciated after his death, when Berenice Abbott bought the archive of his negatives and made them known in America through publishing books and exhibitions. Atget began photographing in his late thirties, in the end of the 1880s, when photography was becoming popular as a result of advances in technology. His first subjects were floral motifs and rural scenes, as study figures for painters and illustrators. But in the late 1890s, his focus shifted to architecture and streets of Paris, and continue to be for the next 30 years. During this period Paris had gone drastic changes known as Haussmann’s modernization projects, that razed old quarters to make place for wide boulevards and new bourgeois buildings. This operation, which was initiated by Napoleon III and undertaken by George-Eugene Haussmann between 1853-1927, was not supported by many. In this climate, Atget takes an interest in photographing what was left of old Paris; streets, old buildings, doors, windows, storefronts, stairs, parks, and other artifacts. In his business card reads "Creator and Purveyor of a Collection of Photograph Views of Old Paris". His clients were architects, painters who wanted exemplars of old architecture for their works, institutions of archives, and individuals who sought to have photographs of old Paris.

Atget created an archive of 5,000 negatives and 10,000 prints, working on several photographic series, such as streets, houses, professions, parks. Throughout his life, he used the old technique of photographing with view camera on 18x24 cm negative glass, which gave the photographs a contemplative feeling. During his time, his work was not considered art, as it did not enter into the canons of traditional Pictorialism, nor he was following the path of surrealist and constructivists of the modernist movement. Instead, he considered himself a documentary photographer. His work caught the attention of surrealist Man Ray and his assistant Berenice Abbott, who frequently visited his studio in the last years of his life, and after his death in 1927 bought the archive of 1,000 negatives and 10,000 prints. Abbott worked tirelessly to make Atget known in America through writings, books and exhibitions. Eugèn Atget's work served as inspiration for a new generation of photographers, such as Walker Evans, Ansel Adams, to represent the ordinary facts of life with clarity of vision and sensibility.

Rue Houtefeuille, 6th Arrondissement 1898 © Eugene Atget

Avenue de l’Observatoire, © Eugene Atget

Cour 7 Rue de Valence 1922, © Eugene Atget

Hotel de la Salamandre 1900, © Eugene Atget

Rue de la Montagne Sainte Genevieve 1898, © Eugene Atget

Marchand de paniers 1899, © Eugene Atget

Rue de la Montagne Sainte Genevieve 1925, © Eugene Atget

Avenue des Gobelins 1927, © Eugene Atget

Trianon Pavillon Francais 1924, © Eugen Atget

Selected Books about Eugène Atget

Tatì Space 10/30/21 Tatì Space 10/30/21

"Journey beyond the horizon" - photography Meti Spahiu

In the rubric ‘Albanian Emergent Photographers’ in the field of architecture and urban photography, we bring the young Kosovar photographer Meti Spahiu, who for several years lives and works in Vienna, after his graduation as architect in the Technical Faculty TU WIEN. Meti Spahiu comes for the second time in TatiSpace, after his first presentation with the Photo Series in black & white untitled "Big Cities in my Eyes". This time, his photos are mostly in colour, but there are also black and white ones. The motif is the same- his favourite subject, the Architectural Photography of European cities, shot during his travels. Each of the photos brings back personal memories from cities like Innsbruck and Zurich. Other photographs were taken in Vienna, Munich, Bratislav. The author untitles the series "Journey beyond the Horizon" (dedicated to A.Sh). As he mentioned before, “The idea of my photographs is to bring beautiful images, to draw the public's attention to the aesthetic of the object photographed. I would like people, who pass every day carelessly near a building, to discover the beauty of its architecture when they see the photograph. For me, photography is a field that will never disappoint and that will go hand in hand with the profession of architect."

Allianz Arena, Munich, photography © Meti Spahiu

An den Kohlenrutschen 5, Vienna, photography © Meti Spahiu

Bratislava Bridge, Bratislava, photography © Meti Spahiu

Helmut Zilk Park 1100, Vienna, photography © Meti Spahiu

Odenburgerstrasse 19 1210, Vienna, photography © Meti Spahiu

Hofwiesenstrasse 16 78057, Zyrih , photography © Meti Spahiu

Schlachthausgasse 1030, Vienna, photography © Meti Spahiu

Subway Station Fröttmaning, Munich, photography © Meti Spahiu

Südbahnstrasse_Innsbruck, photography © Meti Spahiu

Taborstrasse 1020 Vienna, photography © Meti Spahiu

UBS Europaallee 23 8004 Zyrih, photography © Meti Spahiu

Hoch Zwei 1020, Vienna, photography © Meti Spahiu

Tatì Space 7/7/21 Tatì Space 7/7/21

Julius Shulman, the Photographer of Modernism

Julius Shulman

(USA 1910-2009)

Julius Shulman is one of the most famous photographers of mid-20th century architecture in America. He has defined the way we look at Modernism. Shulman photographed the new architecture that was emerging after World War II in South California, especially the metropolitan area of Los Angeles. He began his journey as an architectural photographer after meeting Richard Neutra in 1936, to whom he donated some prints from the house the architect had designed for Josef Kuhn in the Hollywood Hills. This meeting signs the beginning of a long collaboration with Richard Neutra, who recommended Shulman to other architects who were developing the International Style of Modernism in America, such as; Rudolph Schindler, Gregory Ain, John Lautner, Pierre Koenig, Raphael Soriano, and others.

Shulman is known for his strong graphic style, which highlights the features of the building, strong perspectives and light-shadow contrasts. He believed in the idealization and glorification of architecture; he often shot in infrared film to increase the drama of the scene, used artificial lighting to better illuminate the interiors, placed furniture and objects in such positions as to create pleasing compositions, and used models to make the house livable. In an interview Julius Shulman states "the photographer's responsibility is to identify the design components of the structure, to identify with the architect the purpose of the structure and of its design".

Shulman not only photographed architecture, he synthesized the essence of an era. His photographs were published in all architecture magazines and influenced the way modern architecture was perceived. His photography promoted the work of architects and made it visible to people who could not physically see it. As Richard Neutra, who had a 34-year collaboration with the photographer, said: “Film is stronger, and good glossy prints are easier to ship than brute concrete, stainless steel or even ideas”.

Some of Shulman's most important photographs are those of ‘Case Study Houses’; an initiative of Art and Architecture Magazine in 1945, initiated by John Entenza with the aim of creating a modernist, low-cost housing model for the construction industry. During its 25 years of existence, the Case Study Houses Program included the contributions of several renowned architects, including Eero Saarinen, Craig Ellwood, Charles and Ray Eames. 36 prototypes of apartments were designed, of which 24 were realized. Among them Shulman photographed 18 homes. One of his most famous photographs is the Case Study House # 22, known as Stahl Residence of architect Pierre Koenig, in which two women talk to each other in the cantilevered space of the villa, in the illuminated background of Los Angeles. The photo is one of the most published photographs of architecture, “one of those singular images that sum up an entire city at a moment in time” as architecture critic Paul Goldberger wrote in the New York Times.

Julius Shulman continued to photograph until the last years of his life, such as Frank Gehri's Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao. In 2004 the Getty Research Institute bought the archive of 260,000 negatives, prints and transparencies, becoming the main owner of his photographs.

© Julius Shulman, Kuhn House, Richard Neutra architecture, 1936

© Julius Shulman, Miller House, Richard Neutra architecture, 1937

© Julius Shulman, Loewy House, Clark and Frey architecture, 1937

© Julius Shulman, Kaufmann House, Richard Neutra architecture, 1947

© Julius Shulman, Kaufmann House Palm Springs, Richard Neutra architecture, 1947

© Julius Shulman, Wurdeman and Becket, Pan Pacific Theatre LosAngeles California, 1942

© Julius Shulman, Lovell Health House, Richard Neutra architecture, 1950

© Julius Shulman, Congress Building and Ministries, Oscar Neimeyer architecture, Brasilia, 1958

© Julius Shulman, Convair Astronautics, Pereira and Luckman, 1958

© Julius Shulman, University of California Irvine

© Julius Shulman, Fire Station, LosAngeles

© Julius Shulman, Theme Building LAX int

© Julius Shulman, Lovell Chuey House, Richard Neutra architecture, 1958

© Julius Shulman, Stahl House, Case Study House 22, Pierre Koenig architecture, 1960

© Julius Shulman, Stahl House, California, Pierre Koenig architecture, 1960

© Julius Shulman, Eames House Case Study House 8, Ray and Charles Eames architecture, 1958

© Julius Shulman, Alexander House, Palmer and Krisel, 1957

© Julius Shulman, Frey House, Albert Frey architect, 1954

© Julius Shulman, Dome House, Bernard Judge, 1962

© Julius Shulman, Coachella Valley Savings, Williams and Williams architects, 1963

© Julius Shulman, State Capitol Bank Oklahoma.

© Julius Shulman, Guggenheim Museum, Frank Lloyd Wright architecture.

© Julius Shulman, Salk Institute for Biologocal Studies, Luis Kahn architect, 1966

© Julius Shulman, Seagram Building, Mies Van Der Rohe and Philip Johnson architect, 1959

© Julius Shulman, Children’s Museum, Abraham Zabludovsky architecture, 2005

© Julius Shulman, La Estadia Development, Ricardo Legorreta architect, 1981

© Julius Shulman, Glass House, Philip-Johnson, 2006

© Julius Shulman, Walt Disney Concert Hall.

Shulman was the subject of a 2008 documentary film, ‘Visual Acoustics: The Modernism of Julius Shulman’. The film, directed by Eric Bricker and narrated by Dustin Hoffman, explores Shulman's life and work. It discusses how Shulman's images helped to shape the careers of influential 20th-century architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright, Richard Neutra and John Lautner.The film and the related materials ate found in the website:

https://juliusshulmanfilm.com

Selected books by Julius Shulman

Rozafa Shpuza

(Albania 1969-)

Rozafa Shpuza is a poet and a photographer, a uniqueness that creates a connection between two arts. She writes poetry in Gheg dialect, but she is as well productive in the field of photography, mainly in the genre of urban and street photography. Her photos are mostly shot in the streets of her hometown, Shkodra. The subjects of her photography are urban moments of city scenes, captured in an abstract way, often surreal, with humor and well composed. The second photo gallery, perhaps the most important, is the portraits of the city dwellers, spontaneously shot in the public spaces, while performing activities or meditating in their tranquillity, captured unaware, creating a particular emotional state. What do city characters, silent passers-by, photographed in isolation, think in the midst of the urban chaos? It seems as if each of them is closed in their inner world, immersed in their thoughts and personal worries. In an individualistic society, where everyone thinks for themselves, Rozafa naturally seeks to penetrate the individual and his psychology. A third photo gallery, which I like very much, is the series of self-portraits on the streets of city, shot on sidewalks, shop windows or cafeterias, captured in superposition of different planes, alluding to a complex and confusing world in which the artist and the individual live in the modern city. Rozafa’s photographs, although unique in the Albanian photography scene, are nurtured by a rich international tradition of street photography, created and inspired by the photography of Walker Evans, Garry Winogrand, William Klein, Diane Arbus, Vivian Mayer, and others.

Below you can read a description that Rozafa Shpuza makes of her urban photography, given to TatiSpace. How did the creative process start, what was the beginning and the inspiration?

Rozafa Shpuza: Photography is a long-standing love of mine, which continues to inspire me and be an important part of my daily life. I have been dealing with photography for many years, sometimes more intensely and sometimes more calmly, and I can say without fear that photography has made my life beautiful. I bought my first camera in Denmark when I went to do a specialization course in 1994. The dynamics of that country, the architecture, the people, the different way of conceiving public spaces tempted me to fix all this on my incredibly modest camera. Since then I have not stopped. I photograph on the street because I feel that the characters I capture are real and convey the message of life without frames. Street photography is the most important part of my artistic creativity. I travel a lot because I feel like cities have a lot of surprises for my camera. The last album with street photos is the one I made in Shkodra during the isolation period of the Covid 19 pandemic. An empty city, scared characters in a hurry, closed windows and doors, all these sensations are already fixed in my album "The diary of an anxious season". I have participated in many activities dedicated to photography, in joint and personal exhibitions, at home and abroad, with the good desire to get to know photographer artists and to see where my photography stands compared to their photos. 3 years ago I opened an art gallery in Shkodra, at the old parents' house, with the good desire to promote artists from all over the world.

Urban Moments

© Rozafa Shpuza, Communication, Koman Shkoder

Portraits of Passers-by

© Rozafa Shpuza, Taxes that are forgiven

© Rozafa Shpuza, from the Series ‘Diary of an anxious season’

© Rozafa Shpuza, The Selector, from the Series ‘The Diary of an anxious season”

© Rozafa Shpuza, At ‘Dugajt e Reja’, Shkodër

Color Photography

You can see more of Rozafa Shpuza photos, in her social media, Facebook, Instagram and Galleria Oda.

Tatì Space 4/24/21 Tatì Space 4/24/21

Nick St.Oegger

Nick St.Oegger is a documentary photographer whose work explores the relationship between people and places. A quiet American, as he calls himself in his social media, he has been working in Western Balkans since 2013. In Albania, he has a large body of work about a very sensitive issue: the construction of hydropower projects in the rivers of the region known as the “Blue Heart of Europe”, and the impact they have on the rich biodiversity and the unique culture of inhabitants. Here we present the interview that Nick St.Oegger has given to TatìSpace.

He has been working for different clients including: Patagonia, Vice, Reuters, Le Monde, Libération, Polityka, De Standaard, Nieuwe Revu, Huck Magazine, Caritas Albania, The Calvert Journal, Suitcase Magazine, Point.51, Trip Advisor, Kosovo 2.0, Riverwatch, C41 Magazine, and Culture Trip. He has exhibited his work and published a book on Vjosa River. From one year now, he lives in Albania. I am very happy that he accepted to give an interview to TatiSpace and share his work with our readers. Below is the interview.

TatìSpace: Hello Mr.Nick! First of all, thank you very much for accepting the invitation to be interviewed and sharing your work with us. Can you please tell us more about yourself? Do you consider yourself a travel or a reporter/ documentary photographer? How do you define your photography? How did the idea or interest to photograph in Albania come to you?

Nick St.Oegger:I grew up in California, but have been living and working around Europe for about 8 years now, mostly here in the Balkans, but also in Ireland and the UK. When I was growing up, I thought I would become a lawyer and this was how I prepared my education and what I was trying to focus on. However, the last year at university I had a bit of a crisis where I realized this wasn’t what I wanted to do. I was interested in photography, but it had always been just a hobby, I hadn’t thought about it as a career option until I discovered the work of some photojournalists who worked in the Balkans in the 1990s, in Bosnia, Kosovo and here in Albania. I was very moved by this work, and the idea of using images to tell a story, to raise awareness about different issues facing individuals and communities. So this is how I started out in this field, this was the moment I knew with every bone in my body that I wanted to be a visual storyteller. I do consider myself a documentary photographer, I am always trying to communicate a story or shed light on a particular issue, and for me photographs are the way that I do this, though writing is also important to my work.

I first came to Albania in 2013, on my first trip to the Balkans. I didn’t know anything about Albania before, and I was mainly interested in seeing the countries of former Yugoslavia. I saw Albania on the map and asked some people about it, everyone had very negative responses like “Oh you shouldn’t go there because it’s run by the mafia” or “It’s dangerous, you’ll get kidnapped” or “Why would you go to Albania? There’s nothing to see!”

I thought about these things as I was planning my trip, and I intended to avoid Albania. I arrived in Istanbul, made my way to Athens where I booked a flight to Venice and I would spend some time afterwards on the coast of Croatia. But the morning I was meant to leave Greece, I woke up and the very first thought which came to me was “Go to Albania.” It’s hard to explain, it was like some sort of vision, or fate. So I missed my flight, instead, I got on the next bus I could find to Albania and the rest is history. It was really a life changing decision, that first trip to Albania: I met amazing people, I saw how beautiful and unique this country is but how little the outside world knows or thinks about it. So it was that trip that I decided to focus my attention on Albania and the Balkans, because it’s a region that many people simply don’t understand, even in Europe.

TatìSpace: Here in Albania, you have a large body of work that includes a vast geographical area (from North to South), and a variety of themes (from bunkers to rivers to the Albanian Alps). From these, I can identify two main projects that are very sensitive to the Albanian public interest: “The Lament of the Mountains” and “Kuçedra”. What started out the idea to work on these projects? Was it commissioned or was it a personal project?

Nick St.Oegger: Yes, both these projects are long-term personal projects that I started on my own and then received further support for. Both of these projects started in a rather organic way. When I first came to Albania, I remember taking the bus from Gjirokastër to Tirana, and passing the Vjosa at Tepelenë. I remember the colour of the water; it was like nothing I had seen before. Several years later I was reading a magazine back in the US and I came across a short article about the Vjosa, how it was one of the last free flowing rivers in Europe, but that the government was planning to build dams on it. I realized this was the river I had seen on my first trip, and I felt a strong desire to return, to document the river, the landscapes, the people along its course. Again, it was this sense of fate, I think. In working on the project I now feel this very strong connection to the Vjosa, and whenever I return it feels like visiting an old friend.

Similarly, “Lament of the Mountains” was produced several years later, after I met an anthropologist who was working in the Kelmend region and she told me about the situation of the rivers there; that they are also building these small hydropower dams. She told me about the culture in the valley, how people are still so connected to the land, how they move with their sheep to the high pastures in the summer. I felt like this was another story I had to tell, because for me the mountains are such an important part of Albania, as well as this very strong rural culture and connection to the land.

TatìSpace: In both projects there is an interconnection between the general view (environmental, political, economical) and the personal view (the impact that the projects have on people’s lives). This gives them an intricate beauty. You skip from landscape photography of large panoramas to close up portraits of mountaineers and peasants living near Vjosa. Have you found difficulty approaching this kind of photography? Can you share an episode that impressed you in particular, for example meeting with villagers or authorities? Also, did you have any problems or incidents with groups or individuals that supported the dam projects?

Nick St.Oegger:Yes, that’s right, and I think it is precisely this interconnection that is so unique and important in Albania. Outside Tirana, there are still many places in the country that are very rural, where people are still living rather traditional lives, working with the land. Yes, there are negatives that come from this life, such as poverty and other problems, but I think the way that many people still live with the land in Albania is unique, and people take pride in this work, they feel a strong connection to their land and the history behind it. So for me, especially with these two projects, it is very important to show the people in context of the land, to show that it is not just one or the other that is being threatened, it is both, because of the strong interconnection between environment and people in Albania. And this connection is exactly what is being threatened by so many proposals, whether it’s by the government, or foreign investors.

It can be difficult to approach this kind of photography. I spend a lot of time trying to work in small communities, to gain people’s trust, which is hard to do in Albania. I think there is a lot of mistrust, because of the history with communism, but also the recent history. People are used to foreign journalists coming, they take some photos for a few days, and then they leave. I have always tried to build stronger relationships with my subjects, to try to get to know them as humans first. I always try to return when I can, to give them prints of some of the photos I took of them. Another important aspect for me has been learning the Albanian language, which is difficult, but it has opened up so many doors. I think because the language is so important to people here, they trust me more when they see I am trying to speak to them in their own language.

Probably one of the most impressive experiences was when I stayed with the shepherds in Kelmend during the summer. We migrated with a herd of 200 sheep, I walked 40km with them to their shelter near Lepushë. It was beautiful to spend time with them there, to see the way they care for the sheep and their families, to see the way the children help with everything and how much knowledge they have about the environment, the weather, how they take care of themselves and fix things. Before this, the ‘malësorë’ were a bit of a mystery to me. I only heard some stories and stereotypes, so it was an amazing experience to see the reality of their lives and I was very honored that they gave me their trust and allowed me to stay with them and photograph.

TatiSpace: Your “Kucedra” project has been exhibited and published in a book. Can you tell us something more about it? How do you find this aspect of photography, when projects communicate to the public? Did the project have an impact?

Nick St.Oegger:That’s right, I published “Kuçedra” as a book first in 2018 and I have exhibited the work several times as well. For me it was very important that these photos go into the world in a physical way, not just on people’s screens. Publishing the book allowed me to raise awareness about the Vjosa, and the issues related to hydropower development on an international scale. I was lucky to partner with Patagonia and Save the Blue Heart of Europe campaign, so the book was distributed around the world, including to members of the European Parliament who have been trying to convince the Albanian government to save Vjosa.

Exhibiting the work has also been important, especially the exhibitions in Greece and Albania. For the Greeks it was a chance for them to see something of Albania, which is so close yet so far (a place many of them wouldn’t consider visiting). I had several people look at the photos and tell me “You know, these places could also be here. We are not so different” and this was very nice to hear, given some of the historical conflicts and tensions that exist between Greece and Albania.

It was so important for me to exhibit this work in Albania as well, so that everyday people can see the beauty of their own country in a way that they might not have previously done. It was really a nice experience to speak with people at the exhibition and to see that they have some connection to my work, to see how it makes them consider their country in a different way. That was very important to me, because I want my work to speak to Albanians. I don’t want it to be just for foreigners to see this “exotic” location. I hope that my work also connects with regular Albanians as well.

TatìSpace: Can you share something more about your next projects or exhibitions (if you prefer)?

Nick St.Oegger: I am planning to start writing another book about these last 8 years working in Albania. It will be a mixture of photos and personal stories from my time in the country. It’s something I’ve been wanting to do for some time. I also will have some more work related to hydropower, documenting areas where rivers have been destroyed by dams. So in a way I am still continuing with this work that I started years ago with “Kuçedra”, and it’s good to continue following this issue with hydropower and the effects it has on communities and the environment in Albania.

I hope to also continue with exhibitions, which unfortunately hasn’t been possible during the pandemic, but maybe as the situation improves it would be great to show more of my work both in Albania and abroad.

TatìSpace: Thank you very much for the interview and hope to see more of your work about Albania.

An overview to the main projects of Nick St.Oegger in Albania, “Kuçedra”and “The Lament of the Mountains”. More can be found in his website: www.stoeggerphotography.com

In “Kucedra” series, Nick St.Oegger explores thelast wild river of Europe: Vjosa (in Albania), and the proposed hydropower projects along its route that will alter the flow of the river, harming the rich and unique biodiversity within it and displacing thousands of people due to the creation of reservoirs. A key source of life for numerous endangered plant and animal species – many of which have disappeared from the rest of Europe’s rivers –Vjosa also holds cultural and economic significance for the rural communities along its banks, which once played an important role in Albania’s agricultural industry. Through landscapes, portraits and interior details, he portrays the environment of Vjosa in its natural state, as it faces the threat of being changed forever.

The Vjosa river near the Greek-Albanian border. Despite willingness to declare the river a national park in 2015, the Albanian government issued a contract to build a new hydropower dam at Poçem. The European Parliament has demanded the government t… — The Vjosa river near the Greek-Albanian border. Despite willingness to declare the river a national park in 2015, the Albanian government issued a contract to build a new hydropower dam at Poçem. The European Parliament has demanded the government to stop the plans for hydropower on the Vjosa, noting the environment damage it would cause. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Interior Bënça. Locals in the village have protested a hydropower that will divert water from nearby Bënça tributary, which feeds into Vjosa. The loss of water from this river could have severe negative consequences for the agriculture. Copyright © … — Interior Bënça. Locals in the village have protested a hydropower that will divert water from nearby Bënça tributary, which feeds into Vjosa. The loss of water from this river could have severe negative consequences for the agriculture. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Ronja, a retired teacher in Kuta. Like many in the village, she does not hold title documents for her land, due to the administrative chaos that followed the fall of communism in the 1990s. This would complicate any attempts to claim compensation fo… — Ronja, a retired teacher in Kuta. Like many in the village, she does not hold title documents for her land, due to the administrative chaos that followed the fall of communism in the 1990s. This would complicate any attempts to claim compensation for land lost in the creation of the Poçem reservoir. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Përmet, a cultural hub in southern Albania, well-regarded for its traditional music, art and slow-food practices. The Vjosa is integral to plans for growing the areas’s tourism industry, with the river seen as an important draw for rafting and kayak… — Përmet, a cultural hub in southern Albania, well-regarded for its traditional music, art and slow-food practices. The Vjosa is integral to plans for growing the areas’s tourism industry, with the river seen as an important draw for rafting and kayaking excursions. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Bridge over the Vjosa at Novosele, near the delta. Dams would increase riverbank erosion in downstream areas, meaning the already flood-prone delta region could see increasingly destructive flooding events in the future.

Abandoned petrol station on the road to Kuta. The road that links Kuta to the national highway is of poor quality, and has made shipping agricultural products impractical. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Romina Mustafaraj, government representative for the village of Kuta. Romina has campaigned for infrastructure improvements in the village, including maintenance of flood-prevention systems, and repairs to the main road linking the village to the na… — Romina Mustafaraj, government representative for the village of Kuta. Romina has campaigned for infrastructure improvements in the village, including maintenance of flood-prevention systems, and repairs to the main road linking the village to the national highway. However, no investment has been made by the central government. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Kuta, Village in Mallakaster county. During communism, Kuta was an important farming village, and went through significant development in the first decades of the regime. However, the area has been in decline since the end of communism in the 1990s.… — Kuta, Village in Mallakaster county. During communism, Kuta was an important farming village, and went through significant development in the first decades of the regime. However, the area has been in decline since the end of communism in the 1990s. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Mercedes in the village of Kuta, near the proposed Poçem dam. Around 3,000 people living in Kuta and the surrounding area could be affected if their land is flooded by a reservoir. This would mean the end of the area’s agricultural production, the o… — Mercedes in the village of Kuta, near the proposed Poçem dam. Around 3,000 people living in Kuta and the surrounding area could be affected if their land is flooded by a reservoir. This would mean the end of the area’s agricultural production, the only industry most have known. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Farm in Kuta, near the proposed dam at Poçem. The reservoir created by the dam would permanently flood agricultural land in the area. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

“Without our land we have nothing”. Ylli and her family raise sheep and grow crops on land that would be flooded by a reservoir. There are few non-agricultural jobs in Kuta, meaning locals could have to relocate from lands their families have lived … — “Without our land we have nothing”. Ylli and her family raise sheep and grow crops on land that would be flooded by a reservoir. There are few non-agricultural jobs in Kuta, meaning locals could have to relocate from lands their families have lived and worked on for generations. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Fisherman’s shelter constructed between two communist-era bunkers in the Vjosa delta. Fishing along the river plays an important part in the local economy, and has already been negatively impacted by unregulated practices, such as dynamiting. Furthe… — Fisherman’s shelter constructed between two communist-era bunkers in the Vjosa delta. Fishing along the river plays an important part in the local economy, and has already been negatively impacted by unregulated practices, such as dynamiting. Furthermore, damming the Vjosa would be detrimental for species such as the endangered European eel, which migrates along the river to spawn. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Scientists traveling on the Vjosa near Poçem. Because Albania was isolated by the communist rule of Enver Hoxha, much of the river and its environment remain unexplored. An international team of scientists and NGOs has been compiling data on biodive… — Scientists traveling on the Vjosa near Poçem. Because Albania was isolated by the communist rule of Enver Hoxha, much of the river and its environment remain unexplored. An international team of scientists and NGOs has been compiling data on biodiversity and the river’s morphology, to use as part of a case for preserving the Vjosa. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Dam construction site near Kalivaç. The project began in 2007 as a collaboration between Deutsche Bank and Italian businessman, Francesco Becchetti, but was stalled for several-years after charges of fraud and money-laundering were brought against B… — Dam construction site near Kalivaç. The project began in 2007 as a collaboration between Deutsche Bank and Italian businessman, Francesco Becchetti, but was stalled for several-years after charges of fraud and money-laundering were brought against Becchetti. He has denied these charges. The Albanian government nulled the contract and a new one was awarded to Turkish Ayen energy, who also hold the contract for the Poçem dam. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Fields between Kalivaç and Kuta, which would be lost to flooding for the reservoir created by the Poçem dam. Electricity generation could come to a standstill within 30 years due to sediment built-up in the reservoir. This would require expensive an… — Fields between Kalivaç and Kuta, which would be lost to flooding for the reservoir created by the Poçem dam. Electricity generation could come to a standstill within 30 years due to sediment built-up in the reservoir. This would require expensive and invasive dredging equipment to be brought into the area in order to clean debris. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

In “The Lament of the Mountains” photography series, Nick St.Oegger looks at ‘malësorët’of Kelmendi, a true pastoralist shepherd culture, and one of the last in Europe, whose economy is threatened by a dozen of dams planned to be constructed along alpine rivers. As government receives subsidies and loans from Western banks to solve the energy crisis with the construction of small scale hydropower plants, there is no public consultation for evaluating how it will affect the rich biodiversity and the lifestyle of highland shepherds. In Italy, Austria and Greece, UNESCO has recognized for protection the practice of pastoral shepherds, but there is no such status in Albania, which make their existence even more difficult.

Koprisht, Kelmend Region, Albania. Historically one of the most isolated regions in the country, most of Albania’s Northern mountains were never fully conquered during the Ottoman Empire’s 500year reign. The highland ‘malësorët’people have fier… — Koprisht, Kelmend Region, Albania. Historically one of the most isolated regions in the country, most of Albania’s Northern mountains were never fully conquered during the Ottoman Empire’s 500year reign. The highland ‘malësorët’people have fiercely defended the region for centuries, operating under a strong system of tribal alliances. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Gazmend Bikaj collects brush from the surrounding forests to construct a roof over a livestock enclosure in Koprisht, Kelmend region, Albania. Gazmend is a shepherd from Kalsa, a hamlet some 30km away, where he lives with his family most of the year… — Gazmend Bikaj collects brush from the surrounding forests to construct a roof over a livestock enclosure in Koprisht, Kelmend region, Albania. Gazmend is a shepherd from Kalsa, a hamlet some 30km away, where he lives with his family most of the year. During the summer months they migrate to an encampment in the high pastures of Koprisht, taking a flock of sheep that belong to a farmer from the lowlands. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

During the summer, shepherds live in the high mountains in a temporary shelter called a ‘stan’. The structures are basic with an exposed dirt floor, stove and loft area for sleeping. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger — During the summer, shepherds live in the high mountains in a temporary shelter called a ‘stan’. The structures are basic with an exposed dirt floor, stove and loft area for sleeping. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Fonsi Bikaj moves a herd of sheep along the road from Tamarë to Koprisht, 35km away. Earlier in the day his father Gazmend had taken the sheep from their owner in the lowlands outside the city of Shkoder and walked with them into Kelmend. This proce… — Fonsi Bikaj moves a herd of sheep along the road from Tamarë to Koprisht, 35km away. Earlier in the day his father Gazmend had taken the sheep from their owner in the lowlands outside the city of Shkoder and walked with them into Kelmend. This process of transhumance has been practiced in the mountains for hundreds of years and risks dying out due to a decreasing population as well as threats from climate change and hydropower development. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

The site of a small scale hydropower plant in between the villages of Tamarë and Selcë, Kelmendi region, Albania. Small scale hydropower dams involve construction of several kilometers of pipeline that would divert the river underground, potentially… — The site of a small scale hydropower plant in between the villages of Tamarë and Selcë, Kelmendi region, Albania. Small scale hydropower dams involve construction of several kilometers of pipeline that would divert the river underground, potentially drying out large sections of it and affecting the delicate biodiversity in the area. There are also concerns about the effect this would have on the local endangered trout population, which migrate along the river. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

A completed section of pipeline for a small scale hydropower plant near the village of Selcë, Kelmend region, Northern Albania. River water will be diverted into these pipelines to generate electricity at a power station downstream. Locals worry abo… — A completed section of pipeline for a small scale hydropower plant near the village of Selcë, Kelmend region, Northern Albania. River water will be diverted into these pipelines to generate electricity at a power station downstream. Locals worry about the effects this will have on their access to water, which is critical for agriculture and raising livestock. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Cousins Gjyste and Age Murçaj, in the village of Vukël, Kelmendi region, Albania. Emigration from the region has left a mainly ageing population, who often rely on family members living abroad for financial support. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Anjeza Bikaj shakes out a tablecloth near the family’s summer encampment, Kelmendi region, Albania. Anjeza and her siblings take turns helping with household chores, milking the sheep and taking them into the surrounding mountains to graze. Copyrigh… — Anjeza Bikaj shakes out a tablecloth near the family’s summer encampment, Kelmendi region, Albania. Anjeza and her siblings take turns helping with household chores, milking the sheep and taking them into the surrounding mountains to graze. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Albana Bikaj shares a moment of laughter with her sister Anjeza as the two make homemade playing cards at the family’s summer shelter in Koprisht, Kelmend region, Albania. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Wilson Bikaj, one of Gazmend’s sons, help round up sheep in an enclosure in Koprisht, Kelmend region, Albania. The entire Bikaj family takes part in the process of caring for and grazing the sheep during the summer months. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Rest near a café on the banks of the Cemi river, near Kozhnje. The region has seen an exodus of young people in recent years, with some 60% of the population of Kelmend emigrating, many to the United States. Job opportunities are limited and poverty… — Rest near a café on the banks of the Cemi river, near Kozhnje. The region has seen an exodus of young people in recent years, with some 60% of the population of Kelmend emigrating, many to the United States. Job opportunities are limited and poverty levels remain high in the region, which has seen little development since the fall of the communist regime. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

High pastures above the treeline near Lepushë, where several shepherds have their summer encampments. Historically the Albanian Alps have also been known as Bjeshkët e Nëmuna (the Accursed Mountains), owing to their isolation and difficult terrain. … — High pastures above the treeline near Lepushë, where several shepherds have their summer encampments. Historically the Albanian Alps have also been known as Bjeshkët e Nëmuna (the Accursed Mountains), owing to their isolation and difficult terrain. This has left the area largely untouched until recent plans to construct hydropower dams on several of the region’s rivers. Copyright © Nick St.Oegger

Tatì Space 1/19/21 Tatì Space 1/19/21

"Big cities in my eyes" - photography Meti Spahiu (English)

At TATÌ SPACE we are opening a new series of blogposts on Albanian emerging photographers in the field of Architectural Photography. Meti Spahiu is a recent graduate architect at the Technical Faculty of Vienna (TU WIEN), who pursues the passion of Architectural Photography. The subject of his photographs are the residential and commercial buildings in Vienna and other European cities. Born in Kamenica, Kosovo, where he lived until the age of 25, Meti moved to study and live in Vienna, Austria. He sees his journey in architecture closely linked to photography. His black and white photographs express the verticality and horizontality in architecture, reinforcing the aesthetic of the building. As he says, “The idea of my photographs is to bring beautiful images, to draw the public's attention to the aesthetics of the objects photographed. I would like people who pass every day carelessly near a building to discover the beauty of its architecture when they see the photograph. "For me, photography is a field that will never disappoint and that will go hand in hand with the profession of architect."

City gate Aderklaaerstrasse - Vienna, © Meti Spahiu

Fernheizwerk Arsenal - Vienna, © Meti Spahiu

Harry SeidlerTurm - Vienna, © Meti Spahiu

JanisJoplin Promenade - Vienna, © Meti Spahiu

Leonard-Bernstein-Strasse - Vienna, © Meti Spahiu

Maintrain Station -Vienna, © Meti Spahiu

Olympiahalle 6020 Innsbruck, © Meti Spahiu

Strasse der Wiener Wirtschaft - Vienna, © Meti Spahiu

The stairs school “Eusebio da Guarda”, © Meti Spahiu

Via Dell’annunciata Milano, © Meti Spahiu

Tatì Space 10/14/20 Tatì Space 10/14/20

Henri Cartier-Bresson

(France 1908-2003)

Henri Cartier-Bresson is a French photographer, one of the most influential figures of the 20th century. He is considered the pioneer of candid street photography, the father of modern photojournalism, who created a new practice and aesthetic in photography, making photojournalism accepted as an art form. His name is associated with the Leica 35mm film camera and the concept of "decisive moment". Nowadays where we are surrounded by a sea of images, when we shoot digitally and download thousands of photographs in social media, the legacy of Henry Cartier-Bresson not only isn’t outdated, but radher it teaches us about the ethics and technique of photography. Henri Cartier-Bresson was considered “a responsible artist, responsible to his craft and to his society” (L.K)

He is the avant-garde artist, the young rebel, the wildlife hunter in Africa, the former prisoner in Nazi camps, the photojournalist of the main events after the World War II, the co-founder of Magnum photo agency, a figure who revolutionized the photographic image. And yet he remained a silent figure, preferring to stay anonymous and not to give interviews. He was the person who stood behind the camera waiting for the perfect moment to appair, who carefully craft the shot, and preferred to immerse in the environment he was going to photograph. In the student revolts in Paris in 1968, despite the turbulent events, witnesses say that Bresson shot at a rate of 4 photos per hour. As he says 'I'm not interested in photography, I am interested in people'. For nearly half a century he photographed the major events of 20th century; the Spanish Civil War, the end of World War II, Gandhi a few minutes before his assassination in 1948, the first days of the communist regime in China in 1949, Indonesia emerging from colonialism, etc. He was the first Western photographer to be allowed to photograph in Soviet Union during the Cold War. Bresson's merit is that he created beautiful and poetic images, which portray the importance of place and time. As he says: "My goal was to express the essence of a phenomenon in a single image" which synthesizes his idea of decisive moment

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Heeres, France 1932

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Behind the Gare St.Lazare, Paris France, 1932

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Inside the sliding doors of the bullfight arena” Valencia Spain, 1933

Beginnings in Photography

Henri Cartier-Bresson started photography in 1931, when he bought the new Leica 35mm film camera, that accompanied him for nearly half a century. He belongs to the first generation of European photographers who explored the creative potential of small handheld camera. For Bresson - "Photography is an instant drawing, and the secret is to forget you are carrying a camera." His initial desire was to become a painter, (after refusing the family's request to continue the tradition of the family textile business). The main influences in his visual formation, which were expressed later in his photography, were the formal geometry of Renaissance painting and the serendipity of Surrealism, together with a strong adventure spirit. Influenced by the school of the cubist painter Lohte, Henry developed an interest in classical painting with strict mathematical proportions. He later said that everything he knew about photography he had learned from Lohte. For Bresson, the search for geometric order in the composition in viewfinder was an immense joy and a main criteria in his photographic process. He never croped the photos but insisted that they be presented as he had shot them, even with the black frame of the negative development. "You shoot properly while it's there", thus reinforcing the idea that the photo should be shot properly in the moment of its composition in the viewfinder. In this way Henri Cartier-Bresson helped the credibility of the photojournalism, untouched by editing.

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Two children in the narrow sunlight streets” Seville Spain, 1933

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, A group of people in front of a wall filled with small windows, Madrid Spain, 1933

The second influence in Bresson's photography comes from a less rational movement such as Surrealism, with which he came in contact in his youth during meetings with the leading figures of the movement at "Cafe de la Place Blanche" in Paris. From Surrealism he adopted the philosophy of spontaneous, chance and intuition. " For me the camera is a sketch book, an instrument of intuition and spontaneity, instant master, which in visual terms, asks and decides simultaneously" For Henri Cartier-Bresson, the Leica 35mm film camera with 50 mm lens, was the most appropriate instrument to express his artistic creativity. While Bresson was looking for the spontaneous, his compositions are not the product of serendipity, but he carefully chooses the stage and wait until all the elements appear in the viewfinder, so to fix in the film the decisive moment.

@ Henri Cartier-Bresson, “A group of children play amongst rubble” Seville Spain, 1933

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Sunday on the banks of River Seine” France 1938

Although his photographs reflect an event or historical moment, they are independent artistic entities. Seeking beauty in ordinary things, he associated art with photojournalism. His first photographs belong to the period 1932-1935 during his travels to Italy, Spain, Morocco, Mexico, which were presented in several photographic exhibitions. The photographs of this period are considered to be the best of Bresson and the history of modern photography inspired by Surrealism.

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Coronation of King George VI, London England, 12 May 1937.

Bresson in cinematography

During his stay in New York in 1935, Bresson met Paul Strand who encouraged him to pursue cinematography. Between 1936 and 1939 he worked as an assistant of French director Jean Renoir in the production of Une Partie de Campagne (A Day in the Country) and La Règle du Jeu (The Rules of the Game). In 1937 Bresson produced the first documentary on medical aid in the Spanish Civil War entitled Return to Life. Although Bresson did not belong to any political party, his anti-fascist orientation led him to work for the left-wing newspaper Ce Soir where he met other photojournalists with similar interests, such as Robert Capa and David "Chim" Seymour, with whom he founded after war the Magnum photo agency. With the start of World War II in 1939, Bresson joined the Army unit for film and photography. In 1940 he was captured by the Germans and imprisoned in forced labor camps. After two unsuccessful escape attempts, he managed to escape a third time, after which time he worked illegally. After the war, Bresson returned to cinematography with the direction of the film La Retour, on the return of war displaced persons. Bresson returns to cinematography in the late ’60s with Impressions of California (1969) and Southern Exposures (1971). As he states, Bresson quit making films because he was not attracted to the direction of actors and the lack of spontaneity. But from the cinematography he learned the narrative and the expressive moment. Bresson is credited with influencing the development of the cinema verite genre.

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Downtown Manhattan NewYork” USA 1947

Bresson in Magnum

After Bresson's exhibition at MOMA New York in 1946 and his trip to America which concludes with a photo book, Bresson undertakes to pursue the profession of photojournalist following the advice of Robert Capas, who understood the importance of this profession in post-war society. Together with Robert Capa, David Seymour, George Rodger, he founded in 1947 the first cooperative photography agency Magnum. The organization provided the newspapers and magazines the coverage of major events by the most talented photojournalists, preserving the author rights and freedom of choice. Under the aegis of Magnum, Bresson photographed major events in India, China, Indonesia, Egypt. These photographs were published in the form of several books between 1952 and 1956. The best known of these is the one published in 1952 entitled "Images à la sauvette", translated into English "The decisive moment", which refers to Bresson's main idea on photography – “the elusive instant when, with brilliant clarity, the appearance of the subject reveals in its essence the significance of the event of which it is a part, the most telling organization of forms”.

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Refugees exercising in the camp to drive away lethargy and despair” Punjab India, 1947

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Muslim women praying toward the sun rising behind the Himalayas” Kashmir India, 1948

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Crowds reaching into the train carrying Gandhi’s ashes hoping to pay the last tribute to their leader Delhi India 1948

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Washington DC, USA, 1957.

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Sale of gold in the Last Days of Koumintang, Shangai” China 1949

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Elementary School, Moscow USSR” 1954

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Scanno Abruzzo, Italy 1951

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Rue Mouffetard, Paris 1954

Between 1963-1965 Bresson photographed in Cuba, Mexico, India. His later books are France (1971), The Face of Asia (1972), About Russia (1974). With his nomadic spirit he witnessed after World War II the major events as the transition of powers. He photographed ordinary people with the same importance that he photographed famous figures of art and politics.

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Cyclades Greece 1961

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Berlin Wall, 1963

© Henri Cartier-Bresson. Ahmadabad India, 1966

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Funeral Ritual, Tokyo Japan” 1965

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Brie France, 1968

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, “Simiane la Rotonde” France 1969

© Henri Cartier-Bresson, Student Demostration, Paris, June 1968.

In the early ‘70s, Bresson left photography and dedicated himself to painting. In 2003, Bresson co-founded the Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation with his wife Martin Franck, a Magnum photographer, and their daughter. The Bresson negatives are owned by the Foundation and agency Magnum. He left a legacy of nearly half a million negatives, shot over a period of 70 years.

Links:

Magnum Agency

https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/henri-cartier-bresson/

Foundation Henri Cartier-Bresson

https://www.henricartierbresson.org/en/hcb/

Selected Books by Henri Cartier-Bresson

Tatì Space 7/26/20 Tatì Space 7/26/20

Walker Evans

(USA 1903-1975)

Walker Evans is the American photographer who has influenced more than any other the modern documentary photography of the 20th century. With his anti-conformist nature, he rejected the prevailing pictorialist view of artistic photography, supported by the main proponent Alfred Stieglitz, and constructed a new artistic strategy based on the description of common facts in a detailed and poetic manner. Evans has been described as the photographer with the sensibility of a poet and the precision of a surgeon… Following independently his artistic strategy, he built a body of work based on the description of American everyday life. His preferred subjects are the vernacular architecture, street scenes, advertising, billboards, shop windows, passers-by, automobile culture, and most important the description of American poor conditions during Great Depression. Evans is the first photographer that the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) New York dedicated a personal photography exhibition in 1938. He was an independent and authoritative figure in photography. For two decades he worked as an editor and writer for Time and Fortune magazines, where he designed the layout and the accompanied words of his photography. In the end of his career he taught photography at Yale University. His photography has influenced a generation of photographers, such as Robert Frank, Le Friedlander, Garry Winogrand, Diane Arbus, the Bechers, and other genres of art, such as: cinematography, theater, and literature.

© Walker Evans, Truck and Sign New York, 1930

The first years

Walker Evans began photographing at the age of 25, with his Kodak handheld camera, during his stay in Paris, where he was studying French literature at the Sorbonne University. Evans aspired to become a writer, but upon his return to New York in 1928, he exchanged the writer's dream for the profession of the photographer. The first photographs are scenes of everyday American life and urban environments: New York streets, Victorian buildings, Brooklyn Bridge, abstract compositions of emerging new architecture, street advertisements, and storefronts. Repeating motifs in his photography are: letters, signs, numbers in billboards and road advertisements. He documented the city through the eyes of a historian and anthropologist, finding what was authentic and American in character. The main influences in his photography were: Eugene Atget and August Sander; while the favourite writer: Gustave Flaubert, from whom he adopted the saying: "An artist must be in his work like God in Creation, he should be everywhere felt, but nowhere seen”.

© Walker Evans, Brooklyn Bridge New York, 1929

© Walker Evans, U.S. Rubber Sign, New-York, 1928-1929

© Walker Evans, Movie Poster, New York, 1930

© Walker Evans, Parked Car, Small Town Main Street, 1932

© Walker Evans, Street Scene with Telephone Pole and Lines, Provincetown Massachusetts, 1931

© Walker Evans, Construction Shack, New York, 1929

Havana

In the early 1930s, Evans was sent to Cuba to photograph the worker’s conditions during the dictatorship of Gerardo Machado. Here he photographed the slums, the street beggars, the police, the port workers, developing the human side of his latter photography. The photographs were published in 1933 in the book “Crimes of Cuba”.During his stay, Evans accompanied Ernest Hemingway, to whom he left 46 photographic prints for fear of being confiscated by the Cuban authorities. These prints were found in Havana in 2002, and were presented in a photographic exhibition.

© Walker Evans, Havana Dock Worker, 1932-1933

© Walker Evans, Squatters Village Cuba, 1933

Years of the Great Depression

During the years 1935-1937 Evans worked for the government's New Deal Resettlement program (later called the Farm Security), to document the life of South American farmers during the Great Depression. In this project he developed his artistic style to documented the facts in a detailed precise and neutral way, using a large format 8x10 inch camera. A collection of his works was displayed at the Museum of Modern Art in 1938 entitled "American Photographs", which is the first personal exhibition that MOMA dedicated to a single photographer. The book of the same title with 100 photographs by Evans, accompanied with a critical essay by Lincoln Kirstein, remains today one of the most influential books in the history of modern photography.

© Walker Evans, Roadside Store between Tuscaloasa and Greensboro, Alabama-1935

© Walker Evans, Easton Pennsylvania, 1935

© Walker Evans, Breakfast Room at Belle Grove Plantation White-Chapel, Louisiana, 1935

© Walker Evans, Houses and Billboards Atlanta, 1936

© Walker Evans, View of Easton Pennsylvania, 1936

© Walker Evans, Graveyard and Steel Mill Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1935

© Walker Evans, Birmingham Steel Mill and Workers Houses, 1936

Let Us Now Praise Famous Men

During 1936, Evans undertook a trip to the South, with the writer and friend James Agee, to document the difficult lives of three sharecropper families affected by the economic crisis. The project, which was rejected for publication by Fortune magazine, was published in 1941 in the form of a book of pictures by Evans and text by Agee, entitled "Let Us Now Praise Famous Men". The photos of this project remain iconic images of America affected by the Great Depression.

© Walker Evans, Coal Miner's House West-Virginia, 1936

© Walker Evans, Farmers Kitchen Hale-County Alabama, 1936

© Walker Evans, Sharecropper Hale-County Alabama, 1936

© Walker Evans, Church Organ and Pews, Alabama, 1936

© Walker Evans, Negro Church South Carolina, 1936

© Walker Evans, Barber Shop Vicksburg Mississippi, 1936

© Walker Evans, Country Store and Gas Station, Alabama, 1936

© Walker Evans, Roadside View Alabama Coal Area Company Town, 1936

© Walker Evans, Roadside Stand near Birmingham, Alabama, 1936

© Walker Evans, Window Display Bethlehem Pennsylvania, 1935

© Walker Evans, Penny Picture Display, Savannah 1936

Subway Portraits

From 1938-1941, Walker Evans photographed New Yorkers on the subway, captured by his Contax 35mm camera, hidden under his coat. The photographic series was published many years later (1966), under the title "Many are called".As he puts it, he wanted to photograph people "when the guard is down and the mask is off." The motif of casual passers-by, is a recurring motif in Evans work. While working for Fortune in 1946, he photographed with Rolleiflex a series of portraits of workers on the streets of Chicago, which are published in 2 pages of the magazine under the title "Labor Anonymous".

© Walker Evans, Subway Portrait, 1938-1941

© Walker Evans, Labor Anonymous, Fortune November 1946, pp152-153

**Years in Time and Fortune Magazine**

Evans worked for Time magazines (1943-1945), and later for Fortune (1945-1965) as a photo editor, producing over 400 photos and 46 articles. Evans had complete control over the publication of his photographs, he chose the subjects himself, the accompanying writings and the layout of the magazine. Having photographed America at its most difficult years, now Evans captures its rise as the world superpower, the culture of automobile and consumerism.

© Walker Evans, Burlesque Theater, Chicago 1946

© Walker Evans, Views of Pedestrians Uniontown, Maryland, 1946

© Walker Evans, Pedestrians Uniontown Maryland, 1946

© Walker Evans, Shoppers Randolph Street, Chicago 1946

© Walker Evans, Lamp on Table, Evans Apartment New-York, 1946

© Walker Evans, Details of Clapboard House, 1960

Last years

In 1965, Evans began teaching photography at Yale University School of Art and Design. During the ’70s he experimented with colour photography, and the Polaroid SX-70 camera, with an unlimited supply of film from Kodak. These photographs are interesting studies of colour and shape, on Evans' preferred motif: architecture, portraits and signs.

© Walker Evans, New-York Streets, 1957-1959

© Walker Evans, Telephone Pole and Red Barn, 1974

Walker Evans's photographs are in the collections of:

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Library of Congress

Museum of Modern Art, New York

Selected Books by Walker Evans

Tatì Space 7/1/20 Tatì Space 7/1/20

W. Eugene Smith

(U.S.A 1918-1978)

W. Eugene Smith was an American photographer, known as the father of photo essay in the American editorial of the '40s and '50s. He created the genre’s model and standards that were followed for a long time. Eugene Smith worked for several magazines of the time such as: Newsweek, Life, and for the agency Magnum as a freelancer. His most famous photos essays are (in chronological order): World War II (1943), Country Doctor (1948), The Midwife (1951), The Spanish Village (1951), Man of Mercy (1954), Pittsburg (1955), Jazz Loft (1965), Minamata (1971).

During his career in photography, Eugene Smith is distinguished for his humanism, the need to know his subjects well, the perfectionism and anti-conformism to the dictate and boundaries set by the mass media. More than a photojournalist, he is a director of storytelling and a poet of photography through the use of light and chiaro-scuro.

US Marine World War II. Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

A Hospital in a Philippine Cathedral (Island of Leyte). Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

“The walk to Paradise garden” 1946, Photography W. Eugene Smith

“Country Doctor, Ernest Ceriani”, 1948, Photography W. Eugene Smith

His most important photo essays addressing the theme of urbanisation and consequences of industrialisation are; Pittsburg (1955) and Minamatas (1971).

Eugene Smith began photographing Pittsburgh in 1955 when writer and publisher Stefan Lorant asked him a series of photographs to illustrate his book on the city's 100th anniversary. Smith saw this commission as a personal project. He extended the duration of the project from three months to three years, and expanded the subject by photographing the modernity and the steel industry, as well as other topics that did not belong to government propaganda, such as working class conditions, poor neighbourhoods, the immigrants, the African American community, preceding the riots of the 1960s. In this project, Smith built a rich archive consisting of 17,000 photographic images and audio recordings, a small part of which have been published.

Inside Mellon National Bank. Photograph by W. Eugene Smith.

International Union of Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers. Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

City Council Chamber, Pittsburg, © Photography W. Eugene Smith

Children at Colwell and Pride Streets, Hill District. Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

Pittsburg, 1955, Photography by W. Eugene Smith

Sixth Street Bridge over Allegheny River. Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

Steelworker wearing goggles and a hardhat. Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

Rails, Homestead works, U.S. Steel, Monongahela River. Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

US Steel Pittsburg, 1955 Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

Pittsburg 1955 Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

In Minamata series (1971-1973), Eugene Smith photographs the inhabitants of Minamata coastal area in Japan affected by a severe disease caused by mercury in the industrial waste of Chisso factory, a giant chemical industry in the area. In 1972, Smith was attacked by Chisso Company, to stop the publication of the project on Minamata disease, which caused him severe injuries and loss of vision. The photo essay was published in 1975 and its main photo was ‘Tomoko Uemura in Her Bath”, shot in 1971, showing a mother in a traditional Japanese bathtub, with her daughter deformed by the disease. The photo drew public attention to the Minamata disease. Smith's photographs were the main evidence in the trial against Chisso, and the first case in Japan where a company became liable of the damages it caused to the people, which made Smith a national hero in Japan.

Minamata, 1972 Photography W. Eugene Smith

Minamata 1971 Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

Goi, near Tokyo. Demonstration at the Chisso Plant. 1971 Photograph by W. Eugene Smith

Demonstrators against the Chisso Chemical Company demonstrating in front of the plant near Tokyo during the Pollution Board hearings. 1971. Eugene Smith

After Minimata project, Eugene Smith returned to America, but was not able to photograph anymore. He taught at university and arranged his archive until 1978, when he died of a heart attack. Eugene Smith believed in the power of photography to change the world. In 1980, the Eugene Smith Fund was established to finance humanitarian photographic projects that cannot be funded by the mass media, contributing to the growth of the independent voice of photographers.

W. Eugene Smith Fund: https://www.smithfund.org/humanistic-photography

Selected Books by W. Eugene Smith

Tatì Space 6/16/20 Tatì Space 6/16/20

Berenice Abbott

Berenice Abbott is an American photographer known for documenting the architecture and metropolitan life of New York with all its contrasts in the ’30s of the Great Depression. She photographed with an 8x10 inch camera the new architecture of New York that was emerging, but also the places that were disappearing from development.

Berenice Abbott

(U.S.A 1898-1991)

Berenice Abbott is an American photographer known for documenting the architecture and metropolitan life of New York with all its contrasts in the ’30s of the Great Depression. Berenice Abbott is known for her documentary style, outside of any subjectivism and pictorialism. She photographed with an 8x10 inch camera the new architecture of New York that was emerging, but also the places that were disappearing from development. Her main influence was the French photographer Eugene Atget, who scrupulously photographed old Paris, which was disappearing from the modernity of the early 20th century. Abbott called Atget ‘the Balzac of the camera’ and an ‘urban historian’. She is credited with rescuing Atget's archive when, after his death, she bought all the negatives and took them to America, where she worked to publish his work. In the last years of her career Berenice Abbott was involved in the technical and scientific aspects of photography.

One of her expressions is "The world doesn't like independent women, I don't know why, but I don’t care"

© Berenice Abbott, New York at Night, 1932

© Berenice Abbott, Grand Central Station, 1934

© Berenice Abbott, Construction of old-and new from Washington Street, 1936

© Berenice Abbott, Pike and Henry Street, 1936

© Berenice Abbott, Blossom Restaurant Manhattan, 1935

© Berenice Abbott, Broome Street Manhattan

© Berenice Abbott, Henry Street Manhattan, 1935

© Berenice Abbott, Portrait of Eugene Atget, 1927

© Berenice Abbott, Hester Street Manhattan, 1938

© Berenice Abbott, Newsstand Manhattan, 1935

© Berenice Abbott, Manhattan Skyline, 1936

© Berenice Abbott, Self-Portrait Distortion, 1930

© Berenice Abbott, Seventh Avenue Manhattan, 1935

Tatì Space 6/12/20 Tatì Space 6/12/20

Gabriele Basilico

Gabriele Basilico is an italian photographer known for its urban and cityscape photographs. He is one of the best european and international contemporary photographers of the 20th century. Graduated as an architect from the Polytechnic University of Milan in 1973, he devoted his entire career documenting urban and metropolitan landscapes transformed from an industrial to post-industrial society.

Gabriele Basilico

(Milano 1944-2013)

© Gabriele Basilico, Milano Ritratti di Fabbriche, 1978-1980

Documenting the urban change was his main objective. In his autobiographical book "Architecture, Cities, Visions: reflections on photography" he states : “I had given myself a kind of mission, to witness how urban space changes… Cities resemble each other, but they are not all the same: there are social differences, of history, of size, of latitude, of climate. I think that urban space, subjected to an unprecedented change in history, presents itself as a real metaphor for our society, which certainly deserves to be observed with great attention”.

On the issues of transformation, shape and identity, Gabriele Basilico has published over 100 photography books during his 40-year career. The main cities he has documented are Milan, Rome, Bari, Barcelona, Berlin, Madrid, Lisbon, Naples, Hamburg, Beirut, Genoa, Istanbul, Moscow, Paris, Shanghai, San Francisco, Rio de Janeiro, etc. His first project was in 1978-1980 "Milan-Factory Portraits", presented in 1983 at PAC Milan (Contemporary Art Pavilion). The first international project came in 1984 when he and other photographers were commissioned by the French government in Mission DATAR to document the transformation of contemporary landscape. From here the book "Bord de Mer" was created. The theme of ports and the sea accompanies him, as in the project of Genoa, concluded in the book “Porti di Mare” (1990).

© Gabriele Basilico. LeTouquet, France 1984

In 1991 he took part in the internationally renowned project, photographing Beirut destroyed by the 15-year civil war, along with other photographers such as Rene Burri, Robert Frank, Jodeph Koudelka, Raymond Depardon and Fouad Elkoury. In 1996 he participated in the Venice Biennale with the exhibition, “Cross Sections of a Country”, where he received the Osella d’Oro Award for Contemporary Architecture Photography. In 1999 he published the book "Interrupted City" and "Cityscapes" with over 300 urban photographs taken since the early ‘80s. In 2000 he photographed the Berlin metropolitan area, from which the book “Berlin” was created that won the best photography book award in 2003. In 2007, he was invited by SFMOMA (San Francisco Museum of Modern Art), to develop a photography project in the Sillicon Valley metropolitan area, published in the book "Gabriele Basilico-Sillicon Valley". Another project of this year is "Vertical Moscow", photographed from the seven towers of the Stalinist period. In the coming years 2010-2012 his work will be extended to other world metropolis; Istanbul, Shanghai, Rio de Janeiro. The latest project is in Milan 2012, documenting the construction of Porta Nuova from its inception to the completion.

The photography of Gabriele Basilico is known for its monumentality and silence, the lack of people, the contrast in black and white, which reinforce the grandeur of architecture and gives the place a metaphysical character. He is interested in social and historical stratifications. As he states : "I can not help but see the city as a large body that breathes, a body in transformation, and I am interested in grasping its signs, observing its shape, like the doctor who investigates the modifications of the human body to study its nature. I am constantly looking for new points of view, as if the city were a labyrinth and my gaze was looking for a precise point of penetration”.

Gabriele Basilico's photography is documentary in character, but far from advertising and propaganda. He doesn’t capture the 'decisive moment' as Bresson, but is meditative and analytical as Atget, Evans, and Beckers. As Francesco Bonami says, "Basilico’s work is not a celebration of architecture and its symbolic value, but a discourse about the aesthetic value of architecture and the constant tension between this and its social function". During his entire life, Basilico has explained his photography in many articles, conversations and books. But the paragraph that most synthesizes his thinking is: “Photographing the city does not mean choosing the best architecture and isolating it from the context to enhance its aesthetic, but for me it means exactly the opposite. That is, putting in the same level high-end architecture with ordinary one, building a place of coexistence, because the real city, the city I am interested in, contains this mixture of excellence with mediocre, the center with periphery, a vision of urban space that once we would have called democracy ”.